This Day in History 1782: Provisional articles of peace are signed in Paris between Britain and the United States, under which Britain recognizes U.S. 1864: During the Civil War, the Confederates suffer a costly defeat in the Battle of Franklin, TN. 1939: The Soviet Union invades Finland. 1959: Boxer Floyd Patterson knocks out Archie Moore to take the WBA heavyweight crown. 1966: Barbados, an island in the West Indies, becomes independent. 1993: The Brady Bill, a major gun-control measure, is signed into law by Pres. Bill Clinton.
November 30 is the anniversary of the 1835 birth of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known pseudonymously as the celebrated writer and humorist Mark Twain. (Fun fact: Mark Twain was Clemens's second pen name. I personally prefer his first: Thomas Jefferson Snodgrass.) Twain was one of the most quoted—and misquoted—personalities in American history (second only to Abraham Lincoln, according to Ralph Keyes, author of The Quote Verifier). Among the aphorisms misattributed to Twain: 'Golf is a good walk spoiled'; 'It is very easy to give up smoking. I've done it hundreds of times'; and 'It is better to keep your mouth shut and appear stupid than to open it and remove all doubt.'
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However, Twain can be properly credited with saying, 'Man is the only animal who blushes. Or needs to,' and 'Always do right. This will gratify some people and astonish the rest.' Samuel Clemens died in 1910; both his birth and death were marked by the appearance of Halley's Comet, about which he said, as quoted in his 1909 biography: 'I came in with Halley's Comet in 1835.
It is coming again next year, and I expect to go out with it. It will be the greatest disappointment of my life if I don't go out with Halley's Comet. The Almighty has said, no doubt: 'Now here are these two unaccountable freaks; they came in together, they must go out together.' There are quite a few great Mark Twain resources on the web; one of the best, listed below, was created in tandem with the Ken Burns film and includes links to video and audio as well as a ton of letters and other primary sources.
While doing some recent fact checking, I came across a quote attributed to Ronald Reagan: 'It's been said that politics is the second oldest profession. I have learned that it bears a striking resemblance to the first.'
It seemed to be a favorite quip for Reagan, who said some version of it on several occasions since at least 1974 when he was governor of California. But I also found other politicians, including President Jimmy Carter, saying it. Curious about how long the joke had been around, I did a search through some newspaper archives for the phrase 'second oldest profession.' It seems that writers had been placing various jobs in that dubious position for years, but politics wasn't one of them. Nominees for the Second Oldest Profession.
Actors - 'Hobnobbing in Hollywood with Grace Kingsley' Los Angeles Times, Nov 23, 1932. Casino Gambling - 'Mont Blanc of Monte Carlo; Count Corti Tells the Story of the Principality of Chance' The Washington Post, Mar 17, 1935. Con Men - 'Berliners, Who Fell for Hitler, Still Victims of 'Con' Men' The Washington Post, Mar 15, 1952. Counterfeiting - 'Counterfeiting in America Started With Fake Wampum' Los Angeles Times, Apr 18, 1968. Gigolos - 'Exit the Gigolo! New to the World Almanac blog? Today's your lucky day: here's a roundup of some featured entries from recent weeks.
What's the most popular tourist destination in the world? The fastest roller coaster? How much fat does the average American consume each year? A roundup of some of the year's most interesting facts, straight from the pages of. The National Endowment for the Arts says that teenagers and adults are reading less, and less well.
What's on your reading list? What the heck is 'bacn'? Read up on The Oxford Word of the Year (and its runners-up) to find out. The truth behind the history of the Thanksgiving 'turkey pardon' at the White House For most people, Comet Holmes has grown too dim to see with the naked eye, but you can still spot it with the help of binoculars or a telescope. Catch up on all the Holmes-ian news with this previous post. This Day in History 1916: U.S.
Marines occupy the Dominican Republic. 1929: Richard E.
Byrd and Brent Balchen pilot the first flight over the South Pole. 1945: The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia is declared by the Communist-dominated constituent assembly, abolishing the monarchy. 1947: The partition of Palestine is approved by the United Nations. Johnson establishes the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of Pres. Kennedy and the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald.
1989: Communist rule ends in Czechoslovakia when parliament votes unanimously to end the Communist Party's guaranteed leading role. This Day in History 1520: Portuguese mariner Ferdinand Magellan finds the westward route to Asia from Europe by rounding South America and entering the Pacific. 1912: Albanian patriots led by Ismail Qemal proclaim the country's independence. 1916: During World War I, the first German airplane raid on London takes place. 1943: The Tehran Conference begins in Iran, with Franklin D. Team sleep formant rapidshare downloads. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin discussing plans for the Allied invasion of Europe. 1960: Mauritania becomes independent.
1964: The unmanned Mariner 4 mission to Mars is launched from Cape Kennedy. Bill Clinton signs a measure repealing the federal 55-mph speed limit.
1995: British Prime Min. John Major and Irish Prime Min. John Bruton announce an agreement aimed at restarting talks on the future of Northern Ireland. 2000: After three months of the latest Palestinian intifada, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak dissolves the government and calls for new elections.
2001: Enron Corp., the largest U.S. Energy trading company, collapses after smaller rival Dynegy backs out of a planned merger; employees and investors will lose billions of dollars as a result.
The collapse is the first in a series of huge corporate scandals. 2002: 10 Kenyans and 3 Israelis are killed as three suicide bombers attack an Israeli-owned hotel near Mombasa, minutes after assailants with shoulder-fired missiles narrowly miss an Israeli jumbo-jet leaving the Mombasa airport.
2005: The government of Canadian Prime Min. Paul Martin is ousted by a no-confidence vote in the House of Commons. It seems that the holiday season starts a little bit earlier each year here in the U.S., and so it's not so unusual to see Christmas lights and decorations up before Thanksgiving., an assistant to inventor Thomas Edison, is generally credited with creating the first set of electric Christmas lights, and exhibiting them on his tree in 1882. The auspicious beginning to the decorating age began with a rotating tree with flashing red, white and blue lights.
For some, it's been down hill ever since! The proliferation of websites exhibiting and grows each year, and if you think you've found the worst, you can go ahead and submit a photo to a multitude of. This Day in History 1095: The Crusades begin formally when Pope Urban II preaches a sermon in Clermont-Ferrand, France outlining his plan for a Crusade and calling on his listeners to join its ranks. 1919: The Treaty of Neuilly is signed between the Allies of World War I and defeated Bulgaria, which gives up territories to Yugoslavia, Greece, and Romania. 1965: Thousands of protesters demanding peace in Vietnam march in Washington, D.C. 1989: Millions of antigovernment protesters go on strike in Czechoslovakia, demanding free elections. 1991: As a result of a record number of savings and loan failures, Congress passes legislation authorizing $70 billion in additional borrowing authority for the FDIC.
Bill Clinton asks for congressional and public support for the deployment of 20,000 U.S. Troops in Bosnia. Attorney General John Ashcroft announces that more than 1,200 people — mostly of Middle Eastern descent — have been detained in the U.S. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11th and that 650 are still in custody. Teams begin inspections in Iraq seeking evidence of a program of weapons of mass destruction. This Day in History 1863: The three-day Battle of Chattanooga, an engagement of the Civil War, begins.
Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant dislodge the Confederate defenders and force them into a disorderly retreat.
1919: The first play-by-play of a football game is broadcast on the radio. 1943: During World War II, U.S. Marines take control of the Gilbert Islands from the Japanese after fierce fighting. 1971: China's seat in the Security Council, formerly held by Taiwan, is transferred to the People's Republic of China. 1980: Some 3,000 die when a violent earthquake strikes southern Italy. 1981: Many federal offices are shut down temporarily when Pres.
Ronald Reagan vetoes a bill to finance government operations. 2001: The UN International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia charges former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic with genocide for his role in the 1992-95 conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2005: Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf is confirmed as the winner of the Liberian presidential elections, becoming the first woman to be elected as a head of state in modern Africa. (2mb mp3) / If you can manage to stay awake to click through a few interesting links, you can get the full Thanksgiving story on the World Almanac for Kids site, or visit the Census Bureau for a great round-up of Thanksgiving-related stats—turkey, cranberry, and sweet potato production in the U.S., number of places in the U.S. Named after the holiday's main course. Enjoy, and Happy Thanksgiving! Links: (The World Almanac for Kids) (US Census Bureau) Image: Happy Thanksgiving!
From 's Flickr stream. New to the 2008 World Almanac is a table on computer products disposal from 1999 to 2006 (page 351). In just 2005, Americans threw out 1.4 million tons of computers, monitors, printers, scanners, fax machines, and other peripherals.
Only a sixth of that was recycled. The rest went into landfills or sometimes an incinerator.
A caveat: the Environmental Protection Agency considers any electronics not sent to the dump as recycled. This includes pieces sold to developing countries for reuse or just dismantling and chemical recovery. The Electronics Takeback Coalition aims to raise awareness among consumers about this growing problem and have electronics manufacturers take on greater responsibility in disposing of this waste. In September, Sony Electronics USA became the first to sign their, which means they won't send toxic e-waste to developing countries, use prison labor in disassembling electronics, or send hazardous chemicals to landfills or incinerators.
In my earlier entry 'Forests Also Casualties of Katrina,' I mentioned that scientists looked at satellite imagery to determine the amount of damage done by Hurricane Katrina. Following up on that entry, I wanted to spotlight the technology used by those scientists. The source of the satellite imagery was the government's Landsat program. Since 1972, through a series of launched satellites, Landsat has been gathering information on Earth from above.
The field of remote sensing was just emerging in 1972, but as of 2006, the program had accumulated more than 1.7 million 'scenes.' Its collection continues to grow by more than 320 gigabytes every day. (Consider that a single-sided, single-layer DVD can hold 4.7 gigabytes, enough for most feature-length movies.) Landsat is jointly managed by NASA and the U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS). The website hasn't been updated in awhile, but it allows visitors the chance to view the planet's magnificence as seen from space.
Other images can be seen on NASA's and the USGS's Landsat websites. Links: (NASA) (USGS) federal interagency study Image:, taken Sept. 3, 2000, by the Landsat-7 satellite. Image courtesy of USGS National Center for EROS and NASA Landsat Project Science Office. The National Endowment for the Arts released this week a report on reading habits in the United States. Their major finding is that older teenagers and adults are reading less, and less well. The report is composed mostly of national studies by the Department of Education, but uses several other third-party surveys and reports to bulk up their observations.
Some Notable Points. Among 17-year-olds, the percent who read for fun at least once a week dropped from 64% in 1984 to 53% in 1999 and to 52% in 2004.
The percent who never or hardly ever read for fun doubled from 9% in 1984 to 19% in 2004. Children ages 9 and 13 were also polled. Their numbers stayed approximately the same.
The percent of 12th-graders reading at or above the basic level dropped from 80% in 1992 to 73% in 2005. In 2003, half of adults who read below the basic reading level had not completed high school and 45% were not employed either full- or part-time. On average in 2006, 15- to 24-year-olds read for 7 minutes per day during the week and for 10 minutes on weekends.
The percentage of adults able to read at the basic and intermediate levels remained about the same overall. Fewer college graduates were proficient at reading in 2003 than in 1992.
(New York Times). This Day in History 1497: Explorer Vasco da Gama rounds the Cape of Good Hope in Africa.
1917: The National Hockey League is founded in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 1943: At the World War II Cairo Conference held November 22-26 in Cairo, Egypt, Allied governments meet to define their war aims with respect to Japan. Kennedy is assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, TX. Johnson is sworn in as president. 1967: The UN Security Council unanimously approves Resolution 242, proposing in essence that Israel withdraw from the occupied territories in return for recognition of its independence by the Arab states and the establishment of secure borders.
1975: Juan Carlos I becomes king of Spain, days after the death of Francisco Franco. 1988: After years of secrecy, the Air Force displays the B-2 Stealth bomber. 1990: British Prime Min. Margaret Thatcher resigns. 2005: The German Parliament elects Angela Merkel, leader of the Christian Democratic Party, as chancellor of Germany.
According to the, this Thanksgiving marks the 60th anniversary of the grand presidential tradition of pardoning a turkey. The White House's Thanksgiving website explains that the first turkey pardoning took place in 1947, when Harry Truman accepted the first National Thanksgiving Turkey. Not to quibble with the White House's website, which has a photo gallery of Turkey pardons over the years (a Kennedy turkey has a sign around its neck that reads 'Good Eating, Mr.
), but they may want to do a little more homework. According to the, the Truman photo that the White House offers as proof-of-pardon dates to Dec. 15, 1947—well after Thanksgiving—and the library has 'found no documents, speeches, newspaper clippings, photographs, or other contemporary records in our holdings which refer to Truman pardoning a turkey that he received as a gift in 1947, or at any other time during his Presidency.'
I just hope, for my own amusement's sake, that the White House accurately reported this year's turkey's fate following its pardon: 'After the presentation, the turkey will be flown first class to Disney World in Orlando, where he will be the grand marshal of 'Disney's Thanksgiving Day Parade.' After the parade, guests will be able to visit the bird in the backyard of Mickey's Country House in Magic Kingdom Park.' Photo gallery. Not only did Hurricane Katrina devastate cities and imperil lives, it also wreaked havoc on the environment.
An in the Washington Post describes a recently published study of ecological losses from the 2005 hurricane. What scientists found, after examining satellite images of the affected areas, was that approximately 320 million trees were killed or damaged in the hurricane. Many trees that sustained injuries in the hurricane's winds or were exposed to standing water died shortly after the storm. Also of note: Chambers the study's lead author was even more surprised when his team calculated how much carbon will be released as the storm-damaged vegetation decomposes. The total came to about 100 million tons, equal to the amount that all the trees in the United States take out of the atmosphere in a year. A short presentation on the NASA site, called also summarizes the study's findings. Links: ( The Washington Post) ( Science magazine; subscription or payment required to view full article) Photos: Pre- and post-Katrina satellite images.
Visible are the twin bridges over Lake Pontchartrain, east of New Orleans. Is the large green area toward bottom of left photograph. The same area—in red in the photograph on the right—indicates extensive tree mortality. Courtesy of the U.S. Geologic Survey. This Day in History 1789: New Jersey becomes the first state to ratify the Bill of Rights. 1815: In the aftermath of Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo, the 1815 Treaty of Paris, a treaty of alliance, is signed by France's opponents: Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia.
1945: The Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals begin in Germany. 1947: Britain's Princess Elizabeth, heir to the throne, marries Philip Mountbatten. 1950: In the Korean War, U.S. Forces reach the China border.
1975: Francisco Franco, authoritarian leader of Spain from 1939 to 1975, dies in Madrid. Sometimes these Thursday-morning appearances go exactly as planned, and sometimes. Well, sometimes this happens: everyone gets hopped up on the chocolates I bring in for Whoopi's birthday (which happened to be the same day was released), and then her co-host Cubby tells an admittedly cool story about spotting his own name in the book. And then suddenly I have no time to share all the great facts I prepared about extrasolar planets.
So, they'll have to wait for another week. At least we did managed to kick around some facts from one of this year's The World at a Glance pages, which collect all sorts of facts you might not have known were in the book, including top-grossing concert tours, top tourist destinations, per capita fat consumption in the U.S., most popular car colors.
The year is winding down, which means it's time for media outlets everywhere to start summarizing 2007 with variously-themed lists. While we don't yet know who the Time 'Person(s) of the Year' will be, one of my favorite lists has already been released: the Oxford Word of the Year and its runners-up. I like the Word of the Year lists because they provide an interesting perspective on what people have been talking about during the year, and how they've chosen to talk about it. The 2007 Oxford Word of the Year is locavore, which defines the movement, becoming more popular in some regions of the country, toward committing to eating only locally grown food. A few Word of the Year runners-up:. bacn: email notifications, such as news alerts and social networking updates, that are considered more desirable than unwanted 'spam' (coined at PodCamp Pittsburgh in Aug.
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2007 and popularized in the blogging community). colony collapse disorder: a still-unexplained phenomenon resulting in the widespread disappearance of honeybees from beehives, first observed in late 2006. tase (or taze): to stun with a Taser (popularized by a Sep. 2007 incident in which a University of Florida student was filmed being stunned by a Taser at a public forum) Check out the rest of Oxford's list, which includes a nice etymology for locavore, at the link below.
Or grab a copy of The World Almanac 2008, where you'll find Merriam-Webster's list of new words for 2007 on page 722. Flickr photo. This Day in History 1907: Oklahoma is admitted to the Union as the 46th state.
1918: The Hungarian Democratic Republic is established in the aftermath of World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian empire. 1933: The United States and the Soviet Union begin diplomatic relations. 1969: The press reports the 1968 massacre of hundreds of Vietnamese civilians in the village of My Lai during the Vietnam War. Richard Nixon signs a bill to authorize construction of the trans-Alaska oil pipeline. Tropical Cyclone Sidr struck Bangladesh today with 140-155 mph winds.
If Sidr had hit the U.S., it would have been rated in the upper limits of a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. According to the, the North Indian Ocean is the only place to have two cyclone seasons, April-May and October-November.
Bangladesh suffered the most deadly cyclone in November 1970, killing at least 300,000 in the Ganges Delta. Another cyclone in 1991 killed 139,000.
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(There is a list of notable hurricanes, typhoons, blizzards, and other storms on page 303 of the.) Tropical cyclones are the same as hurricanes and typhoons; they are all cyclonic storms. The name varies by location. This map from the World Meteorological Organization shows the different regions for monitoring cyclonic storms as well as what they're called., a great source for emergency relief response to any disaster worldwide, said that the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society has set up 1,580 shelters and mobilized 34,000 volunteers to help with the preparation and recovery. (ReliefWeb) (Weather Channel blog) (Naval Research Academy at Monterey, Tropical Cyclone Page).